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Species & Dataset
Experiment
Foliar ozone injury

  • Arabidopsis thaliana

  • Common name: Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress

  • Family: Brassicaceae

  • Cultivar: Col-0 (wild type), ein2 (Ethylene signaling deficient), sid2 (Salicylic acid biosynthesis deficient)

  • Tissue: Rosettes

  • Ozone concentration: 200 nL L-1

  • Ozone exposure: 24 hours

  • Platform: Macroarray

  • Year of study: 2009

  • Location: Japan

Arabidopsis_injury.png

Title:  Ethylene and salicylic acid control glutathione biosynthesis in ozone-exposed Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Summary: Ozone produces reactive oxygen species and induces the synthesis of phytohormones, including ethylene and salicylic acid. These phytohormones act as signal molecules that enhance cell death in response to ozone exposure. However, some studies have shown that ethylene and salicylic acid can instead decrease the magnitude of ozone-induced cell death. Therefore, we studied the defensive roles of ethylene and salicylic acid against ozone.Unlike the wild-type, Col-0, Arabidopsis mutants deficient in ethylene signaling (ein2) or salicylic acid biosynthesis (sid2) generated high levels of superoxide and exhibited visible leaf injury, indicating that ethylene and salicylic acid can reduce ozone damage. Macroarray analysis suggested that the ethylene and salicylic acid defects influenced glutathione (GSH) metabolism. Increases in the reduced form of GSH occurred in Col-0 6 h after ozone exposure, but little GSH was detected in ein2 and sid2 mutants, suggesting that GSH levels were affected by ethylene or salicylic acid signaling. We performed gene expression analysis by real-time polymerase chain reaction using genes involved in GSH metabolism. Induction of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1), glutathione synthetase (GSH2), and glutathione reductase 1 (GR1) expression occurred normally in Col-0, but at much lower levels in ein2 and sid2. Enzymatic activities of GSH1 and GSH2 in ein2 and sid2 were significantly lower than in Col-0. Moreover, ozone-induced leaf damage observed in ein2 and sid2 was mitigated by artificial elevation of GSH content. Our results suggest that ethylene and salicylic acid protect against ozone-induced leaf injury by increasing de novo biosynthesis of GSH.

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Reference: Yoshida, S., Tamaoki, M., Ioki, M., Ogawa, D., Sato, Y., Aono, M., Kubo, A., Saji, S., Saji, H., Satoh, S. and Nakajima, N., 2009. Ethylene and salicylic acid control glutathione biosynthesis in ozone‐exposed Arabidopsis thaliana. Physiologia Plantarum, 136(3), pp.284-298.

sid2

ein2

Col-0

AGI Gene Code
Uniprot ID
Bin Code
Bin Name
Col-0 (0 h)
Col-0 (3 h)
Col-0 (6 h)
Col-0 (12 h)
ein2 (0 h)
ein2 (3 h)
ein2 (6 h)
ein2 (12 h)
sid2 (0 h)
sid2 (3 h)
sid2 (6 h)
sid2 (12 h)
Functional annotation
Gene
AT1G63460
Q8LBU2
21.2.2
redox.ascorbate and glutathione.glutathione
0.4
0.91
0.63
0.39
0.22
0.53
0.58
0.56
0.24
0.47
0.48
0.53
Glutathione peroxidase 8
GPX8
AT2G43350
O22850
21.2
redox.ascorbate and glutathione
0.55
1.2
0.82
0.53
0.27
0.73
0.68
0.56
0.27
0.6
0.65
0.59
Glutathione peroxidase 3
GPX3
AT2G48150
Q8L910
21.2.2
redox.ascorbate and glutathione.glutathione
0.38
0.73
0.42
0.2
0.24
0.28
0.46
0.33
0.18
0.3
0.33
0.27
Glutathione peroxidase 4
GPX4
AT3G63080
Q9LYB4
21.2.2
redox.ascorbate and glutathione.glutathione
0.37
0.97
0.74
0.32
0.24
0.42
0.59
0.37
0.24
0.46
0.43
0.29
Glutathione peroxidase 5
GPX5
AT4G11600
O48646
21.2.2
redox.ascorbate and glutathione.glutathione
0.44
1.43
1.11
0.44
0.22
0.54
0.6
0.38
0.3
0.85
0.67
0.49
Glutathione peroxidase 6
GPX6
AT1G20630
Q96528
21.6
redox.dismutases and catalases
0.48
0.78
0.57
0.33
0.38
0.43
0.5
0.44
0.42
0.41
0.41
0.54
Catalase 1
CAT1
AT4G35090
P25819
21.6
redox.dismutases and catalases
3.32
1.3
0.96
0.67
1.72
1.02
0.74
0.89
1.71
0.92
0.7
1.07
Catalase 2
CAT2
AT1G20620
Q42547
21.6
redox.dismutases and catalases
1.75
2.38
1.99
1.19
0.86
1.39
1.32
1.14
0.89
1.25
1.52
1.44
Catalase 3
CAT3
AT1G08830
P24704
21.6
redox.dismutases and catalases
1.51
2.58
1.88
1.36
0.9
1.43
1.45
1.22
0.7
1.32
1.59
1.56
Copper, zinc superoxide dismutase 1
CSD1
AT2G28190
O78310
21.6
redox.dismutases and catalases
1.75
1.96
1.19
0.85
1.26
0.87
1.04
0.77
0.98
1.18
1.12
1.02
Copper, zinc superoxide dismutase 2
CSD2
AT5G18100
Q9FK60
21.6
redox.dismutases and catalases
0.51
0.78
0.53
0.3
0.31
0.33
0.42
0.35
0.27
0.4
0.36
0.29
Copper, zinc superoxide dismutase 3
CSD3
AT4G25100
P21276
21.6
redox.dismutases and catalases
0.58
1.11
0.78
0.36
0.2
0.31
0.53
0.38
0.23
0.59
0.39
0.31
Iron superoxide dismutase 1
FSD1
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