top of page
Species & Dataset
Experiment
Foliar ozone injury

  • Arabidopsis thaliana

  • Common name: Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress

  • Family: Brassicaceae

  • Cultivar: Col-0 (wild type), ein2 (Ethylene signaling deficient), sid2 (Salicylic acid biosynthesis deficient)

  • Tissue: Rosettes

  • Ozone concentration: 200 nL L-1

  • Ozone exposure: 24 hours

  • Platform: Macroarray

  • Year of study: 2009

  • Location: Japan

Arabidopsis_injury.png

Title:  Ethylene and salicylic acid control glutathione biosynthesis in ozone-exposed Arabidopsis thaliana.

​

Summary: Ozone produces reactive oxygen species and induces the synthesis of phytohormones, including ethylene and salicylic acid. These phytohormones act as signal molecules that enhance cell death in response to ozone exposure. However, some studies have shown that ethylene and salicylic acid can instead decrease the magnitude of ozone-induced cell death. Therefore, we studied the defensive roles of ethylene and salicylic acid against ozone.Unlike the wild-type, Col-0, Arabidopsis mutants deficient in ethylene signaling (ein2) or salicylic acid biosynthesis (sid2) generated high levels of superoxide and exhibited visible leaf injury, indicating that ethylene and salicylic acid can reduce ozone damage. Macroarray analysis suggested that the ethylene and salicylic acid defects influenced glutathione (GSH) metabolism. Increases in the reduced form of GSH occurred in Col-0 6 h after ozone exposure, but little GSH was detected in ein2 and sid2 mutants, suggesting that GSH levels were affected by ethylene or salicylic acid signaling. We performed gene expression analysis by real-time polymerase chain reaction using genes involved in GSH metabolism. Induction of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1), glutathione synthetase (GSH2), and glutathione reductase 1 (GR1) expression occurred normally in Col-0, but at much lower levels in ein2 and sid2. Enzymatic activities of GSH1 and GSH2 in ein2 and sid2 were significantly lower than in Col-0. Moreover, ozone-induced leaf damage observed in ein2 and sid2 was mitigated by artificial elevation of GSH content. Our results suggest that ethylene and salicylic acid protect against ozone-induced leaf injury by increasing de novo biosynthesis of GSH.

​

Reference: Yoshida, S., Tamaoki, M., Ioki, M., Ogawa, D., Sato, Y., Aono, M., Kubo, A., Saji, S., Saji, H., Satoh, S. and Nakajima, N., 2009. Ethylene and salicylic acid control glutathione biosynthesis in ozone‐exposed Arabidopsis thaliana. Physiologia Plantarum, 136(3), pp.284-298.

sid2

ein2

Col-0

AGI Gene Code
Uniprot ID
Bin Code
Bin Name
Col-0 (0 h)
Col-0 (3 h)
Col-0 (6 h)
Col-0 (12 h)
ein2 (0 h)
ein2 (3 h)
ein2 (6 h)
ein2 (12 h)
sid2 (0 h)
sid2 (3 h)
sid2 (6 h)
sid2 (12 h)
Functional annotation
Gene
AT5G56030
P55737
20.2.1
stress.abiotic.heat
0.54
2.06
0.65
0.69
0.45
1.04
0.67
0.48
0.48
1.61
0.68
0.62
Heat shock protein 81-2
HSP81-2
AT2G45770
O80842
29.3.3
protein.targeting.chloroplast
0.31
0.67
0.38
0.29
0.21
0.3
0.43
0.35
0.27
0.37
0.26
0.23
Signal recognition particle receptor
SRPR
AT2G34250
O80774
29.3.4.99
protein.targeting.secretory pathway.unspecified
0.44
1.05
0.75
0.45
0.27
0.62
0.76
0.49
0.34
0.68
0.46
0.4
Protein transport protein
SEC61?
AT4G35000
Q42564
21.2.1
redox.ascorbate and glutathione.ascorbate
0.73
0.9
0.66
0.45
0.54
0.68
0.51
0.59
0.44
0.46
0.59
0.46
Ascorbate peroxidase 3
APX3
AT1G77490
Q42593
21.2.1
redox.ascorbate and glutathione.ascorbate
0.65
0.6
0.38
0.24
0.35
0.44
0.46
0.32
0.45
0.35
0.31
0.32
Ascorbate peroxidase 4
APX4
AT4G08390
Q42592
21.2.1
redox.ascorbate and glutathione.ascorbate
0.47
0.93
0.57
0.44
0.32
0.49
0.63
0.47
0.49
0.61
0.51
0.47
Ascorbate peroxidase 5
APX5
AT1G63940
P92947
21.2.1
redox.ascorbate and glutathione.ascorbate
0.21
0.76
0.47
0.26
0.28
0.31
0.47
0.26
0.3
0.36
0.32
0.31
Monodehydroascorbate reductase 1
MDAR1
AT5G03630
Q93WJ8
21.2.1
redox.ascorbate and glutathione.ascorbate
0.33
1.79
1
0.33
0.21
1.28
1.11
0.62
0.24
0.82
0.94
0.5
Monodehydroascorbate reductase 2
MDAR2
AT1G19570
Q9FWR4
21.2.1
redox.ascorbate and glutathione.ascorbate
1.16
1.9
2.3
1.16
0.72
1.65
1.61
1.1
0.62
1.47
1.83
1.08
Mitochondrial dehydroascorbate reductase
mtDHAR
AT1G75270
Q9FRL8
21.2.1
redox.ascorbate and glutathione.ascorbate
0.34
0.92
0.67
0.41
0.25
0.59
0.59
0.6
0.28
0.57
0.44
0.37
Cytosolic dehydroascorbate reductase
cytDHAR
AT5G16705
Q56YI5
#N/A
#N/A
1.02
1.2
0.77
0.6
0.57
0.73
0.6
0.59
0.78
0.73
0.64
0.62
Dehydroascorbate reductase 5
DHAR5
AT2G39770
O22287
10.1.1.1
cell wall.precursor synthesis.NDP sugar pyrophosphorylase.GDP mannose
0.66
1.29
0.65
0.48
0.38
0.89
0.57
0.62
0.34
0.81
0.64
0.51
GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase
VTC1-1
bottom of page