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Species & Dataset
Experiment
Foliar ozone injury

  • Arabidopsis thaliana

  • Common name: Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress

  • Family: Brassicaceae

  • Cultivar: Col-0 (wild type), ein2 (Ethylene signaling deficient), sid2 (Salicylic acid biosynthesis deficient)

  • Tissue: Rosettes

  • Ozone concentration: 200 nL L-1

  • Ozone exposure: 24 hours

  • Platform: Macroarray

  • Year of study: 2009

  • Location: Japan

Arabidopsis_injury.png

Title:  Ethylene and salicylic acid control glutathione biosynthesis in ozone-exposed Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Summary: Ozone produces reactive oxygen species and induces the synthesis of phytohormones, including ethylene and salicylic acid. These phytohormones act as signal molecules that enhance cell death in response to ozone exposure. However, some studies have shown that ethylene and salicylic acid can instead decrease the magnitude of ozone-induced cell death. Therefore, we studied the defensive roles of ethylene and salicylic acid against ozone.Unlike the wild-type, Col-0, Arabidopsis mutants deficient in ethylene signaling (ein2) or salicylic acid biosynthesis (sid2) generated high levels of superoxide and exhibited visible leaf injury, indicating that ethylene and salicylic acid can reduce ozone damage. Macroarray analysis suggested that the ethylene and salicylic acid defects influenced glutathione (GSH) metabolism. Increases in the reduced form of GSH occurred in Col-0 6 h after ozone exposure, but little GSH was detected in ein2 and sid2 mutants, suggesting that GSH levels were affected by ethylene or salicylic acid signaling. We performed gene expression analysis by real-time polymerase chain reaction using genes involved in GSH metabolism. Induction of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1), glutathione synthetase (GSH2), and glutathione reductase 1 (GR1) expression occurred normally in Col-0, but at much lower levels in ein2 and sid2. Enzymatic activities of GSH1 and GSH2 in ein2 and sid2 were significantly lower than in Col-0. Moreover, ozone-induced leaf damage observed in ein2 and sid2 was mitigated by artificial elevation of GSH content. Our results suggest that ethylene and salicylic acid protect against ozone-induced leaf injury by increasing de novo biosynthesis of GSH.

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Reference: Yoshida, S., Tamaoki, M., Ioki, M., Ogawa, D., Sato, Y., Aono, M., Kubo, A., Saji, S., Saji, H., Satoh, S. and Nakajima, N., 2009. Ethylene and salicylic acid control glutathione biosynthesis in ozone‐exposed Arabidopsis thaliana. Physiologia Plantarum, 136(3), pp.284-298.

sid2

ein2

Col-0

AGI Gene Code
Uniprot ID
Bin Code
Bin Name
Col-0 (0 h)
Col-0 (3 h)
Col-0 (6 h)
Col-0 (12 h)
ein2 (0 h)
ein2 (3 h)
ein2 (6 h)
ein2 (12 h)
sid2 (0 h)
sid2 (3 h)
sid2 (6 h)
sid2 (12 h)
Functional annotation
Gene
AT1G21250
Q39191
30.2.25
signalling.receptor kinases.wall associated kinase
0.14
1
0.86
0.6
0.11
0.51
0.78
0.68
0.14
0.43
0.47
0.44
Cell wall-associated kinase 1
WAK1
AT5G20230
Q07488
26.19
misc.plastocyanin-like
0.31
4.32
2.59
1.1
0.15
2.05
2.28
1.23
0.29
2.68
2.19
1.12
Blue copper binding protein
BCB
AT5G20280
Q94BT0
2.1.1.1
major CHO metabolism.synthesis.sucrose.SPS
0.24
0.44
0.32
0.25
0.13
0.13
0.27
0.29
0.2
0.2
0.17
0.22
Sucrose-phosphate synthase
SPS
AT5G20830
P49040
2.2.1.5
major CHO metabolism.degradation.sucrose.Susy
0.18
0.5
0.36
0.17
0.09
0.18
0.28
0.23
0.17
0.31
0.19
0.14
Sucrose synthase 1
SUS1
AT3G13790
Q43866
2.2.1.3.2
major CHO metabolism.degradation.sucrose.invertases.cell wall
0.14
1.05
0.75
0.34
0.09
0.54
0.73
0.51
0.18
0.48
0.36
0.25
Beta-fructosidase 1
BFS1
AT1G22710
Q39231
34.2.1
transport.sugars.sucrose
0.39
0.26
0.38
0.17
0.36
0.34
0.3
0.24
0.34
0.24
0.26
0.18
Sucrose-proton symporter 2
SUC2
AT3G50970
P42758
20.2.99
stress.abiotic.unspecified
0.15
0.37
0.32
0.16
0.16
0.31
0.26
0.22
0.19
0.22
0.24
0.18
Low-temperature-induced protein 30
LTI30
AT1G20450
P42759
20.2.99
stress.abiotic.unspecified
0.35
0.75
0.52
0.3
0.28
0.42
0.45
0.35
0.27
0.46
0.51
0.39
Low-temperature-induced protein 29
LTI29
AT1G42990
Q9C7S0
27.3.35
RNA.regulation of transcription.bZIP transcription factor family
0.38
1.07
0.51
0.27
0.26
0.73
0.51
0.38
0.22
0.75
0.48
0.34
Basic region/leucine zipper motif 60
bZIP60
AT5G42020
Q39043
20.2.1
stress.abiotic.heat
0.39
1.1
0.94
0.59
0.23
0.99
0.94
0.69
0.25
0.97
0.87
0.69
Luminal binding protein 2
BIP2
AT5G28540
Q9LKR3
20.2.1
stress.abiotic.heat
0.34
0.88
0.9
0.57
0.22
0.8
0.8
0.62
0.3
0.82
0.75
0.64
Luminal binding protein 1
BIP1
AT4G24190
Q9STX5
20.2.1
stress.abiotic.heat
0.52
0.94
0.95
0.83
0.33
0.9
0.88
0.75
0.33
0.73
0.76
0.64
Heat shock protein 90
HSP90
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