top of page
Species & Dataset
Experiment
Foliar ozone injury

  • Arabidopsis thaliana

  • Common name: Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress

  • Family: Brassicaceae

  • Cultivar: Col-0 (wild type), ein2 (Ethylene signaling deficient), sid2 (Salicylic acid biosynthesis deficient)

  • Tissue: Rosettes

  • Ozone concentration: 200 nL L-1

  • Ozone exposure: 24 hours

  • Platform: Macroarray

  • Year of study: 2009

  • Location: Japan

Arabidopsis_injury.png

Title:  Ethylene and salicylic acid control glutathione biosynthesis in ozone-exposed Arabidopsis thaliana.

​

Summary: Ozone produces reactive oxygen species and induces the synthesis of phytohormones, including ethylene and salicylic acid. These phytohormones act as signal molecules that enhance cell death in response to ozone exposure. However, some studies have shown that ethylene and salicylic acid can instead decrease the magnitude of ozone-induced cell death. Therefore, we studied the defensive roles of ethylene and salicylic acid against ozone.Unlike the wild-type, Col-0, Arabidopsis mutants deficient in ethylene signaling (ein2) or salicylic acid biosynthesis (sid2) generated high levels of superoxide and exhibited visible leaf injury, indicating that ethylene and salicylic acid can reduce ozone damage. Macroarray analysis suggested that the ethylene and salicylic acid defects influenced glutathione (GSH) metabolism. Increases in the reduced form of GSH occurred in Col-0 6 h after ozone exposure, but little GSH was detected in ein2 and sid2 mutants, suggesting that GSH levels were affected by ethylene or salicylic acid signaling. We performed gene expression analysis by real-time polymerase chain reaction using genes involved in GSH metabolism. Induction of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1), glutathione synthetase (GSH2), and glutathione reductase 1 (GR1) expression occurred normally in Col-0, but at much lower levels in ein2 and sid2. Enzymatic activities of GSH1 and GSH2 in ein2 and sid2 were significantly lower than in Col-0. Moreover, ozone-induced leaf damage observed in ein2 and sid2 was mitigated by artificial elevation of GSH content. Our results suggest that ethylene and salicylic acid protect against ozone-induced leaf injury by increasing de novo biosynthesis of GSH.

​

Reference: Yoshida, S., Tamaoki, M., Ioki, M., Ogawa, D., Sato, Y., Aono, M., Kubo, A., Saji, S., Saji, H., Satoh, S. and Nakajima, N., 2009. Ethylene and salicylic acid control glutathione biosynthesis in ozone‐exposed Arabidopsis thaliana. Physiologia Plantarum, 136(3), pp.284-298.

sid2

ein2

Col-0

AGI Gene Code
Uniprot ID
Bin Code
Bin Name
Col-0 (0 h)
Col-0 (3 h)
Col-0 (6 h)
Col-0 (12 h)
ein2 (0 h)
ein2 (3 h)
ein2 (6 h)
ein2 (12 h)
sid2 (0 h)
sid2 (3 h)
sid2 (6 h)
sid2 (12 h)
Functional annotation
Gene
AT1G23820
Q9ZUB3
22.1.6
polyamine metabolism.synthesis.spermidine synthase
0.37
0.74
0.6
0.48
0.25
0.37
0.46
0.43
0.35
0.46
0.5
0.46
Spermidine synthase 1
SPDS
AT5G14040
Q9FMU6
34.9
transport.metabolite transporters at the mitochondrial membrane
0.45
1
0.69
0.5
0.33
0.4
0.54
0.44
0.47
0.63
0.53
0.46
Mitochondrial phosphate transporter 1
MPT1
AT3G08580
P31167
34.8
transport.metabolite transporters at the envelope membrane
1.16
1.96
1.31
1.07
0.85
1.11
1.25
0.97
0.71
1.2
0.84
1.17
Aromatic neutral amino acid transporter 1
ANT1
AT5G46110
Q9ZSR7
2.2.2.6
major CHO metabolism.degradation.starch.transporter
1.88
1.61
0.88
0.71
1.12
0.72
0.65
0.54
1.41
0.95
0.48
0.72
Triose-phosphate translocator
TPT
AT4G00860
Q38842
20
stress
0.67
1.34
0.89
0.69
0.46
0.55
0.97
0.59
0.53
0.61
0.49
0.64
Ozone- induced protein 1
ATOZI1
AT5G40650
Q8LB02
8.1.7
TCA / org transformation.TCA.succinate dehydrogenase
0.27
0.4
0.45
0.27
0.26
0.42
0.47
0.39
0.31
0.28
0.38
0.26
Succinate dehydrogenase 2-2
SDH2-2
AT5G66760
O82663
8.1.7
TCA / org transformation.TCA.succinate dehydrogenase
0.26
0.51
0.49
0.27
0.23
0.41
0.5
0.44
0.25
0.33
0.37
0.28
Succinate dehydrogenase 1-1
SDH1-1
AT1G77120
P06525
5.3
fermentation.ADH
0.18
0.44
0.31
0.13
0.13
0.25
0.33
0.24
0.17
0.2
0.23
0.16
Alcohol dehydrogenase 1
ADH1
AT5G13110
Q9FY99
7.1.1
OPP.oxidative PP.G6PD
0.21
0.55
0.31
0.15
0.11
0.34
0.3
0.25
0.13
0.35
0.3
0.19
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2
G6PD
AT5G65430
P48348
30.7
signalling.14-3-3 proteins
0.54
0.92
0.54
0.35
0.23
0.6
0.53
0.45
0.33
0.58
0.54
0.45
General regulatory factor 8
14-3-3
AT4G37980
Q02971
16.2.1.10
secondary metabolism.phenylpropanoids.lignin biosynthesis.CAD
0.98
0.83
0.76
0.43
0.4
0.64
0.71
0.52
0.49
0.79
0.69
0.56
Elicitor-activated gene 3
ELI3-1
AT3G21720
P28297
6.9
gluconeogenesis / glyoxylate cycle.isocitrate lyase
0.15
0.38
0.28
0.15
0.09
0.31
0.29
0.26
0.15
0.21
0.21
0.15
Isocitrate lyase
ICL
bottom of page