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Species & Dataset
Experiment
Foliar ozone injury

  • Arabidopsis thaliana

  • Common name: Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress

  • Family: Brassicaceae

  • Cultivar: Col-0 (wild type), ein2 (Ethylene signaling deficient), sid2 (Salicylic acid biosynthesis deficient)

  • Tissue: Rosettes

  • Ozone concentration: 200 nL L-1

  • Ozone exposure: 24 hours

  • Platform: Macroarray

  • Year of study: 2009

  • Location: Japan

Arabidopsis_injury.png

Title:  Ethylene and salicylic acid control glutathione biosynthesis in ozone-exposed Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Summary: Ozone produces reactive oxygen species and induces the synthesis of phytohormones, including ethylene and salicylic acid. These phytohormones act as signal molecules that enhance cell death in response to ozone exposure. However, some studies have shown that ethylene and salicylic acid can instead decrease the magnitude of ozone-induced cell death. Therefore, we studied the defensive roles of ethylene and salicylic acid against ozone.Unlike the wild-type, Col-0, Arabidopsis mutants deficient in ethylene signaling (ein2) or salicylic acid biosynthesis (sid2) generated high levels of superoxide and exhibited visible leaf injury, indicating that ethylene and salicylic acid can reduce ozone damage. Macroarray analysis suggested that the ethylene and salicylic acid defects influenced glutathione (GSH) metabolism. Increases in the reduced form of GSH occurred in Col-0 6 h after ozone exposure, but little GSH was detected in ein2 and sid2 mutants, suggesting that GSH levels were affected by ethylene or salicylic acid signaling. We performed gene expression analysis by real-time polymerase chain reaction using genes involved in GSH metabolism. Induction of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1), glutathione synthetase (GSH2), and glutathione reductase 1 (GR1) expression occurred normally in Col-0, but at much lower levels in ein2 and sid2. Enzymatic activities of GSH1 and GSH2 in ein2 and sid2 were significantly lower than in Col-0. Moreover, ozone-induced leaf damage observed in ein2 and sid2 was mitigated by artificial elevation of GSH content. Our results suggest that ethylene and salicylic acid protect against ozone-induced leaf injury by increasing de novo biosynthesis of GSH.

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Reference: Yoshida, S., Tamaoki, M., Ioki, M., Ogawa, D., Sato, Y., Aono, M., Kubo, A., Saji, S., Saji, H., Satoh, S. and Nakajima, N., 2009. Ethylene and salicylic acid control glutathione biosynthesis in ozone‐exposed Arabidopsis thaliana. Physiologia Plantarum, 136(3), pp.284-298.

sid2

ein2

Col-0

AGI Gene Code
Uniprot ID
Bin Code
Bin Name
Col-0 (0 h)
Col-0 (3 h)
Col-0 (6 h)
Col-0 (12 h)
ein2 (0 h)
ein2 (3 h)
ein2 (6 h)
ein2 (12 h)
sid2 (0 h)
sid2 (3 h)
sid2 (6 h)
sid2 (12 h)
Functional annotation
Gene
AT5G66400
P30185
20.2.99
stress.abiotic.unspecified
0.49
1.01
0.76
0.33
0.26
0.39
0.59
0.47
0.36
0.45
0.57
0.42
Responsive ABA 18
RAB18
AT1G32210
Q39080
20.1
stress.biotic
0.62
1.28
0.79
0.54
0.3
0.75
0.78
0.59
0.43
0.72
0.68
0.56
Defender against apoptotic death 1
DAD-1
AT4G20380
P94077
27.3.99
RNA.regulation of transcription.unclassified
0.35
0.85
0.46
0.26
0.19
0.5
0.41
0.34
0.32
0.51
0.42
0.35
Lesion simulating disease 1
LSD1
AT3G44880
Q9FYC2
31.5.1
cell.cell death.plants
0.32
0.69
0.53
0.31
0.16
0.46
0.46
0.41
0.22
0.42
0.44
0.35
Accelerated cell death 1
ACD1
AT5G43060
Q9FMH8
29.5.3
protein.degradation.cysteine protease
0.27
0.67
0.54
0.34
0.15
0.29
0.46
0.44
0.26
0.42
0.38
0.35
Senescence-associated gene 1
SAG12
AT3G02040
Q9SGA2
11.9.3.3
lipid metabolism.lipid degradation.lysophospholipases.glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase
0.26
0.83
0.58
0.27
0.13
0.32
0.46
0.37
0.22
0.46
0.46
0.35
Senescence-related gene 3
SRG3
AT4G35770
Q38853
33.99
development.unspecified
0.39
1.11
0.87
0.44
0.2
0.41
0.5
0.42
0.24
0.64
0.55
0.5
Sterile apetela
SAP
AT5G47120
Q9LD45
20.1
stress.biotic
0.56
2.49
1.64
0.7
0.28
0.98
1.11
0.66
0.46
1.53
0.84
0.72
Bax inhibitor 1
ATBI-1
AT5G23040
Q9FN50
31.5.1
cell.cell death.plants
0.48
0.94
0.76
0.45
0.29
0.38
0.56
0.35
0.56
0.51
0.47
0.44
Cell growth defect factor 1
CDF1
AT3G02470
Q96286
22.1.2
polyamine metabolism.synthesis.SAM decarboxylase
1.64
1.37
0.8
0.54
0.95
0.93
0.76
0.69
0.94
0.82
0.68
0.61
S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase
SAMDC
AT2G16500
Q9SI64
22.1.3
polyamine metabolism.synthesis.arginine decarboxylase
0.57
0.83
0.38
0.22
0.33
0.49
0.34
0.34
0.32
0.47
0.31
0.25
Arginine decarboxylase 1
ADC1
AT4G34710
O23141
22.1.3
polyamine metabolism.synthesis.arginine decarboxylase
0.28
0.87
0.59
0.28
0.18
0.62
0.49
0.35
0.24
0.57
0.58
0.31
Arginine decarboxylase 2
ADC2
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