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Species & Dataset
Experiment
Foliar ozone injury

  • Arabidopsis thaliana

  • Common name: Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress

  • Family: Brassicaceae

  • Cultivar: Col-0 (wild type), ein2 (Ethylene signaling deficient), sid2 (Salicylic acid biosynthesis deficient)

  • Tissue: Rosettes

  • Ozone concentration: 200 nL L-1

  • Ozone exposure: 24 hours

  • Platform: Macroarray

  • Year of study: 2009

  • Location: Japan

Arabidopsis_injury.png

Title:  Ethylene and salicylic acid control glutathione biosynthesis in ozone-exposed Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Summary: Ozone produces reactive oxygen species and induces the synthesis of phytohormones, including ethylene and salicylic acid. These phytohormones act as signal molecules that enhance cell death in response to ozone exposure. However, some studies have shown that ethylene and salicylic acid can instead decrease the magnitude of ozone-induced cell death. Therefore, we studied the defensive roles of ethylene and salicylic acid against ozone.Unlike the wild-type, Col-0, Arabidopsis mutants deficient in ethylene signaling (ein2) or salicylic acid biosynthesis (sid2) generated high levels of superoxide and exhibited visible leaf injury, indicating that ethylene and salicylic acid can reduce ozone damage. Macroarray analysis suggested that the ethylene and salicylic acid defects influenced glutathione (GSH) metabolism. Increases in the reduced form of GSH occurred in Col-0 6 h after ozone exposure, but little GSH was detected in ein2 and sid2 mutants, suggesting that GSH levels were affected by ethylene or salicylic acid signaling. We performed gene expression analysis by real-time polymerase chain reaction using genes involved in GSH metabolism. Induction of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1), glutathione synthetase (GSH2), and glutathione reductase 1 (GR1) expression occurred normally in Col-0, but at much lower levels in ein2 and sid2. Enzymatic activities of GSH1 and GSH2 in ein2 and sid2 were significantly lower than in Col-0. Moreover, ozone-induced leaf damage observed in ein2 and sid2 was mitigated by artificial elevation of GSH content. Our results suggest that ethylene and salicylic acid protect against ozone-induced leaf injury by increasing de novo biosynthesis of GSH.

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Reference: Yoshida, S., Tamaoki, M., Ioki, M., Ogawa, D., Sato, Y., Aono, M., Kubo, A., Saji, S., Saji, H., Satoh, S. and Nakajima, N., 2009. Ethylene and salicylic acid control glutathione biosynthesis in ozone‐exposed Arabidopsis thaliana. Physiologia Plantarum, 136(3), pp.284-298.

sid2

ein2

Col-0

AGI Gene Code
Uniprot ID
Bin Code
Bin Name
Col-0 (0 h)
Col-0 (3 h)
Col-0 (6 h)
Col-0 (12 h)
ein2 (0 h)
ein2 (3 h)
ein2 (6 h)
ein2 (12 h)
sid2 (0 h)
sid2 (3 h)
sid2 (6 h)
sid2 (12 h)
Functional annotation
Gene
AT2G31230
Q8VYM0
17.5.2
hormone metabolism.ethylene.signal transduction
0.29
0.97
0.61
0.27
0.24
0.34
0.51
0.3
0.23
0.43
0.67
0.48
Ethylene response factor 3
ERF3
AT2G47730
Q96266
26.9
misc.glutathione S transferases
0.97
4.36
1.87
0.66
0.47
1.79
1.49
0.49
0.62
1.6
1.16
0.55
Glutathione S transferase F8
GSTF8
AT3G24170
P48641
21.2.2
redox.ascorbate and glutathione.glutathione
0.48
0.79
0.4
0.24
0.35
0.64
0.61
0.46
0.28
0.39
0.42
0.28
Gluthatione reductase 1
GR1
AT3G54660
P42770
21.2.2
redox.ascorbate and glutathione.glutathione
0.41
0.64
0.34
0.27
0.32
0.4
0.45
0.31
0.38
0.35
0.37
0.28
Gluthatione reductase 2
GR2
AT4G23100
P46309
21.2.2
redox.ascorbate and glutathione.glutathione
0.53
1.34
0.97
0.45
0.38
0.61
0.88
0.34
0.48
0.8
0.64
0.44
Gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase
GSH1
AT5G27380
P46416
21.2.2
redox.ascorbate and glutathione.glutathione
0.27
0.95
0.44
0.23
0.2
0.5
0.43
0.51
0.18
0.6
0.44
0.41
Glutathione synthetase
GSH2
AT1G55920
Q42588
15.2
metal handling.binding, chelation and storage
0.33
0.69
0.43
0.17
0.22
0.26
0.39
0.19
0.26
0.29
0.22
0.19
Ser O-acetyltransferase 1
ATSERAT2;1
AT2G17640
Q8S895
13.1.5.3.2
amino acid metabolism.synthesis.serine-glycine-cysteine group.cysteine.SAT
0.28
0.39
0.27
0.16
0.14
0.3
0.3
0.31
0.13
0.25
0.25
0.19
Ser O-acetyltransferase 106
ATSERAT3;1
AT3G13110
Q39218
13.1.5.3.2
amino acid metabolism.synthesis.serine-glycine-cysteine group.cysteine.SAT
0.44
0.85
0.61
0.34
0.35
0.56
0.53
0.47
0.41
0.78
0.62
0.47
Ser O-acetyltransferase 3
ATSERAT2;2
AT4G35640
Q8W2B8
13.1.5.3.2
amino acid metabolism.synthesis.serine-glycine-cysteine group.cysteine.SAT
0.24
0.69
0.38
0.19
0.17
0.32
0.37
0.35
0.18
0.33
0.34
0.24
Ser O-acetyltransferase 3;2
ATSERAT3;2
AT5G56760
Q42538
13.1.5.3.2
amino acid metabolism.synthesis.serine-glycine-cysteine group.cysteine.SAT
0.52
1.03
0.64
0.33
0.31
0.53
0.61
0.5
0.31
0.57
0.59
0.4
Ser O-acetyltransferase 52
ATSERAT1;1
AT1G07890
Q05431
21.2.1
redox.ascorbate and glutathione.ascorbate
1.29
3.05
1.93
1.12
0.89
1.27
1.4
0.63
0.93
1.55
1.1
1.03
Ascorbate peroxidase 1
APX1
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