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Species & Dataset
Experiment
Foliar ozone injury

  • Arabidopsis thaliana

  • Common name: Thale cress, Mouse-ear cress

  • Family: Brassicaceae

  • Cultivar: Col-0 (wild type), ein2 (Ethylene signaling deficient), sid2 (Salicylic acid biosynthesis deficient)

  • Tissue: Rosettes

  • Ozone concentration: 200 nL L-1

  • Ozone exposure: 24 hours

  • Platform: Macroarray

  • Year of study: 2009

  • Location: Japan

Arabidopsis_injury.png

Title:  Ethylene and salicylic acid control glutathione biosynthesis in ozone-exposed Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Summary: Ozone produces reactive oxygen species and induces the synthesis of phytohormones, including ethylene and salicylic acid. These phytohormones act as signal molecules that enhance cell death in response to ozone exposure. However, some studies have shown that ethylene and salicylic acid can instead decrease the magnitude of ozone-induced cell death. Therefore, we studied the defensive roles of ethylene and salicylic acid against ozone.Unlike the wild-type, Col-0, Arabidopsis mutants deficient in ethylene signaling (ein2) or salicylic acid biosynthesis (sid2) generated high levels of superoxide and exhibited visible leaf injury, indicating that ethylene and salicylic acid can reduce ozone damage. Macroarray analysis suggested that the ethylene and salicylic acid defects influenced glutathione (GSH) metabolism. Increases in the reduced form of GSH occurred in Col-0 6 h after ozone exposure, but little GSH was detected in ein2 and sid2 mutants, suggesting that GSH levels were affected by ethylene or salicylic acid signaling. We performed gene expression analysis by real-time polymerase chain reaction using genes involved in GSH metabolism. Induction of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GSH1), glutathione synthetase (GSH2), and glutathione reductase 1 (GR1) expression occurred normally in Col-0, but at much lower levels in ein2 and sid2. Enzymatic activities of GSH1 and GSH2 in ein2 and sid2 were significantly lower than in Col-0. Moreover, ozone-induced leaf damage observed in ein2 and sid2 was mitigated by artificial elevation of GSH content. Our results suggest that ethylene and salicylic acid protect against ozone-induced leaf injury by increasing de novo biosynthesis of GSH.

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Reference: Yoshida, S., Tamaoki, M., Ioki, M., Ogawa, D., Sato, Y., Aono, M., Kubo, A., Saji, S., Saji, H., Satoh, S. and Nakajima, N., 2009. Ethylene and salicylic acid control glutathione biosynthesis in ozone‐exposed Arabidopsis thaliana. Physiologia Plantarum, 136(3), pp.284-298.

sid2

ein2

Col-0

AGI Gene Code
Uniprot ID
Bin Code
Bin Name
Col-0 (0 h)
Col-0 (3 h)
Col-0 (6 h)
Col-0 (12 h)
ein2 (0 h)
ein2 (3 h)
ein2 (6 h)
ein2 (12 h)
sid2 (0 h)
sid2 (3 h)
sid2 (6 h)
sid2 (12 h)
Functional annotation
Gene
AT2G45070
P38389
29.3.4.99
protein.targeting.secretory pathway.unspecified
0.82
1.41
0.98
0.84
0.42
0.88
0.99
0.75
0.48
1
0.58
0.81
Protein transport protein
SEC61?
AT2g47470
O22263
21.1.1
redox.thioredoxin.PDIL
0.52
1.07
1.01
0.73
0.26
0.61
1
0.73
0.39
0.6
0.55
0.56
Protein disulfide isomerase like
PDIL
AT3G54960
Q8VX13
21.1.1
redox.thioredoxin.PDIL
0.17
0.24
0.38
0.2
0.15
0.38
0.38
0.36
0.18
0.24
0.27
0.19
Protein disulfide isomerase like 2
PDIL2
AT1G08450
O04153
30.3
signalling.calcium
0.23
0.6
0.63
0.42
0.19
0.51
0.59
0.7
0.2
0.37
0.45
0.38
Calreticulin 3
CRT3
AT1G09210
Q38858
30.3
signalling.calcium
0.51
0.91
1.04
0.65
0.33
0.73
0.93
0.86
0.38
0.78
1.07
0.77
Calreticulin 2
CRT2
AT1G56340
O04151
30.3
signalling.calcium
0.6
1.16
1.06
0.74
0.31
0.92
1.02
0.95
0.37
1.06
1.09
0.8
Calreticulin 1
CRT1
AT5G61790
P29402
30.3
signalling.calcium
0.52
1.12
1.02
0.7
0.23
1.02
0.96
0.94
0.32
0.92
0.86
0.68
Calnexin 1
CNX1
AT5G07340
Q38798
30.3
signalling.calcium
0.31
0.73
0.66
0.37
0.14
0.47
0.5
0.49
0.26
0.61
0.52
0.45
Calnexin 2
CNX2
AT2G01720
Q9ZUA0
29.7
protein.glycosylation
0.39
0.85
0.64
0.5
0.14
0.51
0.52
0.47
0.33
0.58
0.48
0.34
Ribophorin I family protein
RBP
AT4G22670
Q93YR3
35.1.5
not assigned.no ontology.pentatricopeptide (PPR) repeat-containing protein
0.49
1.01
0.77
0.61
0.25
0.5
0.63
0.53
0.39
0.77
0.57
0.5
Tetratricopeptide repeat
TTR
AT2G47320
Q94A16
31.3.1
cell.cycle.peptidylprolyl isomerase
0.51
1.12
0.86
0.63
0.23
0.5
0.71
0.56
0.46
0.83
0.66
0.5
Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase
CCP
AT1G14010
Q8GYG1
34.99
transport.misc
0.25
0.68
0.64
0.38
0.11
0.41
0.57
0.4
0.24
0.46
0.42
0.31
Tmp21 precursor
TTP
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